Table 1
Rock varnish sampling sites, oldest layering sequences, and VML age estimates for late Quaternary geomorphic features in the western USA drylands
                 
Sample site Latitude (N) and Altitude Oldest varnish layering VML age Type Reference Geomorphic context
and label longitude (W) (m msl)a sequence observed (ka) VML image age (ka) and reference
Death Valley
  Galena Canyon fan
     A 36°01'16"/116°53'59" 365 LU-1/…/LU-3/LU-4 (WP3) 30 Fig. 8A 12 - 70 Q2c fan surface (Bull, 1991)
     B 36°01'17"/116°52'51" 200 LU-1/…/LU-3/LU-4 (WP6) 60 Fig. 8B 12 - 70 Q2c fan surface (Bull, 1991)
     C 36°01'26"/116°54'00" 355 LU-1/…/LU-3/LU-4 (WP6) 60 Fig. 8C 12 - 70 Q2c fan surface (Bull, 1991)
     D 36°01'47"/116°52'51" 185 LU-1/…/LU-4/LU-5 (WP6+) 74 - 85 Fig. 8D 70 - 200 Q2b fan surface (Bull, 1991)
     E 36°01'13"/116°54'01" 375 LU-1/…/LU-5/LU-6 (WP12) 165 Fig. 8E 70 - 200 Q2b fan surface (Bull, 1991)
     F 36°01'37"/116°53'33" 285 LU-1/…/LU-7/LU-8 (WP19) 276 Fig. 8F 400 - 730 Q2a fan surface (Bull, 1991)
     G 36°01'41"/116°53'05" 220 LU-1/…/LU-4/LU-5 (WP6+) 74 - 85 Figs. 5C,D 70 - 200 Q2b fan surface (Bull, 1991)
  Hanaupah Canyon fan
     HC-1 36°14'20"/116°53'28" -30 LU-1/…/LU-3/LU-4 (WP3) 30 Fig. 10B 12 - 70 Q2c fan surface (Bull, 1991)
     HC-2 " -30 LU-1/…/LU-3/LU-4 (WP3) 30 12 - 70 "
     HC-3 " -30 LU-1/…/LU-3/LU-4 (WP3) 30 12 - 70 "
 
  Six Spring Canyon fan  
     SS-1 36°02'23"/116°54'34" 410 LU-1/…/LU-7/LU-8 (WP20) 295 Figs. 5E,F 400 - 730 Q2a fan surface (Bull, 1991)
  Warm Spring Canyon fan
     WS-1 35°59'47"/116°48'27" -20 LU-1/…/LU-3/LU-4 (WP6) 60 Fig. 5B 12 - 70 Q2c fan surface (Bull, 1991)
     WS-2 35°59'56"/116°49'57" 78 LU-1/…/LU-3/LU-4 (WP6) 60 12 - 70 "
Cima volcanic field
     CM-1 35°19'59"/115°50'01" 795 LU-1/…/LU-4/LU-5 (WP6+) 74 - 85 Fig. 10C 80 - 85 Qf3 fan surface (Wells et al., 1995)
Silurian Valley
     SV-1 35°34'46"/116°13'34" 215 LU-1 (WH10) 9.4 Fig. 10A > 9 - 15 Qia fan surface (Mahan et al., in press)
     SV-2 " 215 LU-1 (WH10) 9.4 > 9 - 15 "
Yucca Mountain
    YM-1 36°49'25"/116°28'08" 1390 LU-1/…/LU-3/LU-4 (WP5) 46 Fig. 11B ~ 660 Colluvial boulder deposits
    YM-2 " 1390 LU-1/…/LU-3/LU-4 (WP5) 46 ~ 660 (Whitney and Harrington, 1993)
    YM-3 " 1390   LU-1/…/LU-3/LU-4 (WP5) 46   ~ 660 "
a Estimate is based on the altitude reading of each sampling site from Google Earth's Europa satellite images (2007) and may be subject to an uncertainty of ± 5 m.